The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was an international ad hoc court established by the United Nations Security Council in November 1994, through Resolution 955, to prosecute those responsible for the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Seated in Arusha, Tanzania from 1995, it had jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity, and violations of the Geneva Conventions committed in Rwanda and neighboring states that year, indicted 96 people, and by its closure on 31 December 2015 had convicted 61 and acquitted 14. Among its most significant rulings was the case against Jean-Paul Akayesu, which established that rape used as a weapon of genocide is itself an act of genocide, and its remaining functions passed to the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals.
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