All Trial and First-Instance Courts

Courts of original jurisdiction, where a case is first heard and decided rather than reviewed on appeal. Belongs here: Central Criminal Court (Old Bailey), Circuit Court of Arkansas, Corte d'Assise, Crown Court, Tokyo District Court, United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Superior Court of Washington for King County, and Supreme Court of the State of New York, whose name misleadingly suggests a court of last resort: it is in fact New York's general trial court of original jurisdiction, and the state's actual highest court is the Court of Appeals. Does not belong here: an appellate court or a court of last resort, whatever its own jurisdiction calls it, grouped under supreme and highest courts of last resort or constitutional courts instead.