The South China Sea Arbitration (Philippines v. China, PCA case number 2013-19) was an arbitration brought by the Republic of the Philippines against the People's Republic of China under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, concerning China's nine-dash line claim and other issues in the South China Sea. China declared in February 2013 that it would not participate and did not appear at any stage, though the tribunal proceeded and issued a binding award in July 2016. The tribunal held that China's historic-rights claims within the nine-dash line have no lawful basis under UNCLOS insofar as they exceed the maritime entitlements the Convention itself allows.
Facts
Decision Year HoldingChina's historic-rights claims over maritime areas, as opposed to land masses and territorial waters, within the nine-dash line have no lawful effect unless they are otherwise entitled under UNCLOS; China's non-appearance did not bar the tribunal, which was empowered under Annex VII to proceed and rule on jurisdiction and the merits regardless. 1 Current StatusThe award is final and binding under UNCLOS Annex VII, but China has rejected it outright and does not comply with it, so its practical effect on Chinese conduct in the South China Sea remains contested between the parties. 1 Cross-Tradition Connections
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