An international court is a court formed by treaty between nations or by an international organization such as the United Nations, encompassing both ad hoc tribunals and permanent institutions, but excluding any court that arises purely under a single nation's own domestic authority. It functions as an international organization, or a body of one, that hears cases in which a state or an international organization may be a party, staffed by independent judges who follow predetermined procedural rules to issue binding decisions grounded in international law.
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