Treaty of 1818

The Convention of 1818 between the United States and Great Britain, also called the Treaty of 1818 or the London Convention, was signed at London on 20 October 1818 by Albert Gallatin and Richard Rush for the United States and by Frederick John Robinson and Henry Goulburn for the United Kingdom. Article I gave inhabitants of the United States a permanent liberty to take fish on stretches of the southern, western and northern coast of Newfoundland and on parts of the Labrador coast, to dry and cure fish in unsettled bays there, and renounced any claim to fish within three marine miles of other British North American coasts, subject to shelter and repair rights. Article II set the northern boundary of the United States along the 49th parallel from the Lake of the Woods to the Stony Mountains. Article III left the country west of those mountains free and open to both nations for ten years without prejudice to either claim. Article IV extended the commercial convention of 1815 for ten years, and Article V referred the dispute over compensation for slaves under the Treaty of Ghent to a friendly sovereign or state.