Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam (1181-1262) was a Damascus-born Islamic scholar who later settled in Cairo, a jurist of the Shafii school and adherent of Ashari theology, who earned the title Sultan al-Ulama, Sultan of the Scholars, and is remembered as a mujtahid capable of independent legal reasoning. His major contribution to Islamic law is Qawaid al-Ahkam fi Masalih al-Anam, a systematic work on legal principles. He was also noted for openly defying political authorities and condemning rulers who compromised with the Crusaders.
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