Carl Friedrich Hermann Roesler, born 18 December 1834 in Lauf an der Pegnitz in the German Confederation and who died 2 December 1894 in Bolzano, Austria-Hungary, was a German legal scholar and economist who graduated from the University of Erlangen and taught law at the University of Rostock. His 1878 conversion to Roman Catholicism threatened his academic position in Mecklenburg, and a meeting with the Japanese ambassador Aoki Shuzo led the government of Japan to invite him that same year to advise its Foreign Ministry on international law. He became an adviser to the Japanese Cabinet in 1884 and presented a comprehensive draft commercial code of 1,133 articles covering commercial law, company law and parts of insolvency law, and at the request of Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi he assisted Inoue Kowashi in drafting the Meiji Constitution, promoting a model of constitutional monarchy in which sovereignty rested with the Emperor rather than the legislature. He remained in Japan through 1893, considered the most important foreign legal advisor to the Meiji government, before returning to Europe and settling in Bolzano.
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