Georg Jellinek was a German public lawyer, born in 1851 in Leipzig and died in 1911 in Heidelberg, who held professorships at Vienna, Basel and Heidelberg and became Heidelberg's first Jewish rector in 1907. He is best known for the three-element theory of statehood, which holds that a sovereign state requires a population, a defined territory and a governing power capable of exercising sovereignty, a framework that remains foundational in international law. His 1900 work Allgemeine Staatslehre, or General Theory of the State, became a cornerstone of legal and political theory, and his 1895 essay on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen argued that its rights were universal rather than distinctly French in origin.
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