Elihu Root lived from 1845 to 1937 and was an American lawyer, Republican politician and statesman often described as a prototype of the twentieth century political wise man who advised presidents on foreign and domestic matters. He served as United States Secretary of War from 1899 to 1904 under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, modernizing the Army and establishing the Army War College, then as United States Secretary of State from 1905 to 1909 under Roosevelt, and later as United States Senator from New York from 1909 to 1915. Root pioneered American practice in international law and received the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize for his work promoting international arbitration and peaceful dispute resolution. He was educated at Hamilton College and New York University School of Law.
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