Bulgarus was a twelfth-century Italian jurist from Bologna and, according to tradition, the most celebrated of the famous Four Doctors of the law school of the University of Bologna, earning the title Golden Mouth (os aureum) for his exceptional legal scholarship. As a leader of the Glossator school he championed strict adherence to legal texts rather than interpretive flexibility, and his school ultimately dominated legal studies at Bologna, influencing later jurists including Azo and Accursius. He served as a trusted advisor to Emperor Frederick I at the Diet of Roncaglia in 1158, and his commentary De Regulis Juris is considered the earliest extant work of its kind from the school of the Glossators. He died in 1166.
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