Bernhard Joseph Hubert Windscheid lived from 1817 to 1892 and was a German jurist and a member of the pandectist school of legal thought. He became known for his essay on the concept of a legal action, which sparked a debate with Theodor Muther said to have initiated the modern study of procedural law. Windscheid's thesis established the modern German law concept of Anspruch, a legally enforceable claim, distinguishing it from the Roman law concept of actio. His principal work was his Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts, which served as a main source of inspiration for the German Civil Code, the BGB, and between 1873 and 1883 he was part of the commission charged with drafting that code. He also taught at universities in Germany and Switzerland, including Basel, Greifswald, Munich, Heidelberg and Leipzig.
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