The Uniform Civil Code is a proposal to replace India's religion-specific personal laws on marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, and maintenance with a single body of law applying to all citizens regardless of faith. Article 44 of the Indian Constitution's Directive Principles states that the state shall endeavor to secure a uniform civil code, though the provision is non-binding rather than enforceable law, and no such code has been adopted at the national level. Uttarakhand became the first Indian state to enact its own version in 2025, followed by Gujarat, Assam, and Madhya Pradesh, while Goa has applied a uniform code inherited from Portuguese colonial law since before independence.
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