Turkey's current constitution was drafted in the aftermath of the 1980 military coup and adopted by national referendum in 1982, replacing the country's 1961 constitution. It set out the structure of the Turkish state and its institutions and has been amended repeatedly since, most consequentially in a 2017 referendum that replaced Turkey's parliamentary system of government with an executive presidential system, concentrating executive authority in a directly elected president and taking effect after the 2018 general election. The 1982 document remains in force as amended, and it continues to serve as the foundational legal charter defining the branches of Turkish government and the rights of Turkish citizens, even as its underlying character has shifted substantially since its original drafting under military oversight.
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