The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates came into effect on 2 December 1971 as a provisional charter for the newly formed federation of seven emirates, drafted by the Palestinian-Jordanian judge Adi Bitar in 10 parts and 152 articles, and it was made permanent in 1996 after initial resistance from some emirates was resolved. It establishes Abu Dhabi as the federal capital, creates a Supreme Council of Rulers, a Council of Ministers and a National Assembly, declares Islam the state religion with sharia as the principal source of legislation, and unifies the federation's military and judicial systems while permitting Dubai and Ras Al Khaimah to retain separate courts.
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