Singapore's constitution took effect on 9 August 1965, the date of independence from Malaysia, and was formally enacted with retrospective effect by the Republic of Singapore Independence Act on 22 December 1965, consolidating the Constitution of the State of Singapore 1963, relevant provisions of Malaysia's Federal Constitution, and the Independence Act itself into a single instrument, most recently reprinted in 1999 from the 1985 Revised Edition. Article 4 declares it the supreme law of the republic, void of effect for any inconsistent later legislation, and it establishes a parliamentary republic with a unicameral Parliament, a Prime Minister-led executive and an independent judiciary.
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