Guyana's constitution took effect on 6 October 1980, replacing the 1966 independence constitution, and comprises a preamble and oath followed by 12 chapters across 232 articles. It establishes Guyana as a cooperative republic within the Commonwealth, concentrating significant authority in an executive president while distributing power among three Supreme Organs, the executive president, the cabinet and the National Assembly, and it guarantees freedoms of religion, speech, association and movement alongside rights to work, free education, free medical care and personal property ownership. The document has been amended repeatedly since enactment, including reforms adopted in 1996.
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