The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 is the official criminal code of India, replacing the colonial-era Indian Penal Code of 1860. Parliament passed it in December 2023, with the Lok Sabha approving it on December 20, 2023, the Rajya Sabha the next day, and President Droupadi Murmu granting assent on December 25, 2023, before it came into effect on July 1, 2024. It was written to replace the Indian Penal Code in its entirety and to set out a new approach to penalties and punishment for the crimes it defines, rather than simply amending the older code section by section.
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